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-One of the three largest ethnic groups within Nigeria, taking up a significant portion of the southwestern part of the country. (Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, Yoruba people, 2000)
-Averaged 20 million at the turn of the 21st century. (ibid)
-Typically the men of this civilization are farmers. (ibid)
-Crops of yams, maize, and millet as staple crops while cocoa is a major cash crop. (ibid) Women do much less farm work than the men. (ibid)
-Women control a fair amount of the market system. (ibid)
-Status depends highly on their own position in the marketplace and on the status of their husband. (ibid)
-Considered to be thought of one of the most skilled and productive craftsmen of Africa. (ibid) -Important advantage because their advanced levels of skill in the market can bring them high profit to make them a richer civilization by selling to outside marketers. (ibid)
-Grew more local crops for their family and/or town so the selling of cash crops wasn’t made the main focus of the people. (ibid)
-Provides children with a healthy set of skills setting them up for a life where they can keep healthy and turn a profit because of farming. (ibid)
-Can be a burden if the child wanted to go to school. (ibid)
-Many children - typically girls were unable to attend school at a certain age both because of the cost of tuition and uniform. (ibid)
-Also because they were needed to help their parents. (ibid)
-Girls were needed to have children. (ibid)
-Skilled workers in essential jobs such as blacksmithing, weaving, leatherworking, glassmaking, and ivory and wood carving. (ibid)
-In the 13th and 14th centuries, Yoruba bronze casting reached a level of technical excellence. (ibid)
-Has never been equaled in western Africa. (ibid)
-Women engage in cotton spinning, basketry, and cloth dyeing. (ibid)
-Common language and culture for centuries. (ibid)
-Assumed to never have been a single political unit. (ibid)
-Suggested that they have migrated from the eastern regions of Africa to the lands they presently inhabit west of the lower Niger River over a millennium ago. (ibid)
-Became the most urbanized inhabitants of Africa of the pre-colonial times. (ibid)
-Built numerous kingdoms of various sizes. (ibid)
-All centered on a capital city or town. (ibid)
-Ruled by a hereditary king, or oba. (ibid)
-Densely populated. (ibid)
-Grew into the present-day cities of Oyo, Ile-Ife, Ilesha, Ibadan, Ilorin, Ijebu-Ode, Ikere-Ekiti, etc. -in the 17th century Oyo developed into the largest of the Yoruba kingdoms. (ibid)
-Ile-Ife remained as it was a town of great religious significance as the site of the earth’s creation according to Yoruba mythology. (ibid)
-In the 18th and 19th centuries, Oyo and the other kingdoms declined due to disputes among lesser Yoruba rulers and invasions from the Fon of Dahomey (now modern-day Benin) and the Muslim Fulani. (ibid)
-Traditional Yoruba kingships are still thriving. (ibid)
-Decreased amount of their former political power. (ibid)
-Diversity in social and political organizations among the Yoruba people. (ibid)
-Share the same general basic features. (ibid)
-Inheritance and succession are based on the direct parental blood descent. (ibid)
-Members of the patrilineage live together. (ibid)
-Under the authority of a headman usually the husband or grandfather. (ibid)
-Share certain names and religious customs, worship their own deity, and have rights in lineage, or homelands. (ibid)
-Many different groups or associations which are volunteered for. (ibid)
-Egbe : a male recreational association. (ibid)
-The aro : a mutual-aid association of farmers. (ibid)
-the esusu : where the members contribute a certain amount of money from which they can receive loans. (ibid)
-Political authority is secured in the oba and a council of chiefs. (ibid)
-Each town has its own ruler, who is lower in control to the oba. (ibid)
-Oba is also considered a sacred being as they are a ritual leader. (ibid)
-Averaged 20 million at the turn of the 21st century. (ibid)
-Typically the men of this civilization are farmers. (ibid)
-Crops of yams, maize, and millet as staple crops while cocoa is a major cash crop. (ibid) Women do much less farm work than the men. (ibid)
-Women control a fair amount of the market system. (ibid)
-Status depends highly on their own position in the marketplace and on the status of their husband. (ibid)
-Considered to be thought of one of the most skilled and productive craftsmen of Africa. (ibid) -Important advantage because their advanced levels of skill in the market can bring them high profit to make them a richer civilization by selling to outside marketers. (ibid)
-Grew more local crops for their family and/or town so the selling of cash crops wasn’t made the main focus of the people. (ibid)
-Provides children with a healthy set of skills setting them up for a life where they can keep healthy and turn a profit because of farming. (ibid)
-Can be a burden if the child wanted to go to school. (ibid)
-Many children - typically girls were unable to attend school at a certain age both because of the cost of tuition and uniform. (ibid)
-Also because they were needed to help their parents. (ibid)
-Girls were needed to have children. (ibid)
-Skilled workers in essential jobs such as blacksmithing, weaving, leatherworking, glassmaking, and ivory and wood carving. (ibid)
-In the 13th and 14th centuries, Yoruba bronze casting reached a level of technical excellence. (ibid)
-Has never been equaled in western Africa. (ibid)
-Women engage in cotton spinning, basketry, and cloth dyeing. (ibid)
-Common language and culture for centuries. (ibid)
-Assumed to never have been a single political unit. (ibid)
-Suggested that they have migrated from the eastern regions of Africa to the lands they presently inhabit west of the lower Niger River over a millennium ago. (ibid)
-Became the most urbanized inhabitants of Africa of the pre-colonial times. (ibid)
-Built numerous kingdoms of various sizes. (ibid)
-All centered on a capital city or town. (ibid)
-Ruled by a hereditary king, or oba. (ibid)
-Densely populated. (ibid)
-Grew into the present-day cities of Oyo, Ile-Ife, Ilesha, Ibadan, Ilorin, Ijebu-Ode, Ikere-Ekiti, etc. -in the 17th century Oyo developed into the largest of the Yoruba kingdoms. (ibid)
-Ile-Ife remained as it was a town of great religious significance as the site of the earth’s creation according to Yoruba mythology. (ibid)
-In the 18th and 19th centuries, Oyo and the other kingdoms declined due to disputes among lesser Yoruba rulers and invasions from the Fon of Dahomey (now modern-day Benin) and the Muslim Fulani. (ibid)
-Traditional Yoruba kingships are still thriving. (ibid)
-Decreased amount of their former political power. (ibid)
-Diversity in social and political organizations among the Yoruba people. (ibid)
-Share the same general basic features. (ibid)
-Inheritance and succession are based on the direct parental blood descent. (ibid)
-Members of the patrilineage live together. (ibid)
-Under the authority of a headman usually the husband or grandfather. (ibid)
-Share certain names and religious customs, worship their own deity, and have rights in lineage, or homelands. (ibid)
-Many different groups or associations which are volunteered for. (ibid)
-Egbe : a male recreational association. (ibid)
-The aro : a mutual-aid association of farmers. (ibid)
-the esusu : where the members contribute a certain amount of money from which they can receive loans. (ibid)
-Political authority is secured in the oba and a council of chiefs. (ibid)
-Each town has its own ruler, who is lower in control to the oba. (ibid)
-Oba is also considered a sacred being as they are a ritual leader. (ibid)
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Works Cited
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, last revised - 2000, Yoruba people. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yoruba.
“Learn.” The Wild Kingdoms, www.thewildkingdoms.com/learn-2/.
“World Civilizations.” Spanish Armada Timeline | Preceden, www.preceden.com/timelines/210128-world-civilizations.
“Learn.” The Wild Kingdoms, www.thewildkingdoms.com/learn-2/.
“World Civilizations.” Spanish Armada Timeline | Preceden, www.preceden.com/timelines/210128-world-civilizations.